explain why it is wasteful of energy to plant crops edible by humans but are instead used to feed livestock?
It has to do with the energy transferred via trophic levels.
The general statement used is that every time you eat something, you only gain 10% of the energy it used/stored/had.
Most of the energy absorbed/synthesised by organisms are released as heat (especially in mammals) and used in other bodily processes.
So basically, when a plant uses photosynthesis to produce its food (glucose), whatever energy its made can be considered 100%. If a cow eats that plant, the cow only gains 10% of the energy the plant made. If we eat the cow, we only gain 1% of the energy originally used in the plant.
But if we simply ate the plant, we would have gained 10% rather than 1%.
To sum it up if you couldn’t be bothered reading:
It’s wasteful because if eating the plant would provide more energy despite eating less.
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